Bonaire National Marine Park

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Chapter 3. SITE DESCRIPTION

Impact and threats	level	Evolution In the short term	Evolution In the long term	Species affected	Habitats affected	Description / comments
Exploitation of natural ressources: Fishing	significant	increase	increase			Assess if the current rates of exploitation of natural resources within the area (sand, water and mineral exploitation, wood gathering, fishing, grazing...) are deemed unsustainable in quality or quantity, and try to quantify these threats, e.g. the percentage of the area under threat, or any known increase in extraction rates.
Exploitation of natural ressources: Agriculture	limited	unknown	unknown			N/A
Exploitation of natural ressources: Tourism	significant	increase	increase			N/A
Exploitation of natural ressources: Industry	limited	unknown	unknown			N/A
Exploitation of natural ressources: Forest products	limited	unknown	unknown			N/A
Increased population	limited	unknown	unknown			N/A
Invasive alien species	very important	increase	increase			The detection of the invasive Indo-Pacific lion fish in October 2009 represents a threat to the marine environment within the Bonaire National Marine Park.
Pollution	limited	unknown	unknown			N/A
Other	significant	unknown	unknown			Extensive sand mining occurs in some areas of the East coast in a way that is not considered sustainable.

Impact and threats	Level	Evolution In the short term	Evolution In the long term	Species affected	Habitats affected	Description / comments
Exploitation of natural ressources: Fishing	significant	unknown	unknown			Although not at big scale, poaching of conch, fish, and turtle species from a number of locations still takes place. Enforcement takes place.
Exploitation of natural ressources: Agriculture	limited	unknown	unknown			N/A
Exploitation of natural ressources: Tourism	limited	unknown	unknown			N/A
Exploitation of natural ressources: Industry	limited	unknown	unknown			N/A
Exploitation of natural ressources: Forest products	limited	unknown	unknown			N/A
Increased population	significant	unknown	unknown			The current human presence next to the boundaries of the BNMP represents a potential threat.
Invasive alien species	limited	unknown	unknown			N/A
Pollution	significant	unknown	unknown			Non-point source. Sewage from the human population is the main source of nutrient pollution on Bonaire’s. Sewage makes its way onto Bonaire’s coral reefs through inadequate waste water treatment and use. Sewage is a source of major damage to Bonaire’s coral reefs and a cause of human illness. Terrestrial run-off from Bonaire onto the fringing reef is a source of nutrients, sediments and other pollutants such as hydrocarbons (oil based chemicals), pesticides and herbicides, heavy (poisonous) metals.
Other	limited	unknown	unknown			N/A